📡 IoT Protocols: MQTT & CoAP 1. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) Type: Publish/Subscribe messaging protocol Designed for: Lightweight, low-bandwidth, unreliable networks How it works: Devices (clients) publish messages to a broker on specific topics. Other devices subscribe to those topics to receive messages. Use Cases: Remote sensor monitoring Home automation Industrial IoT Advantages: Minimal overhead, ideal for constrained devices Reliable message delivery with QoS levels (0,1,2) Supports retained messages and last will/testament features Port: Usually runs over TCP/IP on port 1883 (unencrypted) or 8883 (TLS encrypted) 2. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) Type: Client-server protocol modeled on HTTP, but optimized for IoT Designed for: Simple devices and constrained networks (low power, lossy) How it works: Uses RESTful architecture — devices send requests (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to servers...